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.pkp_nav_list [aria-haspopup]::after { position: relative; display: inline-block; content: ""; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 0.25em; border-top: 4px solid; border-right: 4px solid transparent; border-left: 4px solid transparent; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; }

.dropdown-menu { display: none; }

.dropdown-menu.show { display: block; }

[data-toggle="dropdown"]:hover + .dropdown-menu, .dropdown-menu:hover { display: block; }

.row::before, .row::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.row::after { clear: both; }

.cmp_button, .cmp_form .buttons button, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search button, .page_lost_password .buttons button, .page_search .submit button, .block_make_submission a { display: inline-block; padding: 0px 1em; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(187, 187, 187) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); border-image: initial; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px -1em 1em inset; font-size: 13px; line-height: 28px; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(0, 122, 178); text-decoration: none; }

.cmp_button:hover, .cmp_button:focus, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search button:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search button:focus, .page_search .submit button:hover, .page_search .submit button:focus { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 1em 1em inset; }

.cmp_button_wire, .obj_galley_link { display: inline-block; padding: 0px 1em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(0, 122, 178); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 122, 178); text-decoration: none; }

.cmp_button_wire:hover, .cmp_button_wire:focus, .obj_galley_link:hover, .obj_galley_link:focus { background: rgb(0, 122, 178); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.cmp_article_list > li { margin-bottom: 30px; }

.cmp_article_list > li::before, .cmp_article_list > li::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.cmp_article_list > li::after { clear: both; }

.cmp_form fieldset { margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; }

.cmp_form legend { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; }

.cmp_form .fields > div { position: relative; padding-bottom: 30px; }

.cmp_form .fields > div .error { position: absolute; left: 0.5em; bottom: 11px; padding: 0px 0.5em; background: rgb(255, 64, 64); border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.cmp_form label { display: block; cursor: pointer; }

.cmp_form .label { display: block; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; }

.cmp_form .label .required { color: rgb(255, 64, 64); }

.cmp_form input[type="text"], .cmp_form input[type="email"], .cmp_form input[type="password"], .cmp_form input[type="url"], .cmp_form input[type="phone"], .cmp_form select, .cmp_form textarea, .cmp_form .tagit { padding: 0px 0.5em; width: 100%; height: 28px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 28px; }

.cmp_form textarea { width: 100%; height: 8em; }

.cmp_form .pkp_form_error { margin-bottom: 10px; border-radius: 3px; padding: 0px 0.5em; font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px; background: rgb(255, 64, 64); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.cmp_form label > input[type="checkbox"], .cmp_form label > input[type="radio"] { margin-right: 0.25em; }

.cmp_form .buttons::before, .cmp_form .buttons::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.cmp_form .buttons::after { clear: both; }

.cmp_form .buttons a { font-size: 13px; line-height: 30px; margin-left: 1em; }

.cmp_form .description { margin-top: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .cmp_form input[type="text"], .cmp_form input[type="email"], .cmp_form input[type="password"], .cmp_form input[type="url"], .cmp_form input[type="phone"], .cmp_form select, .cmp_form .tagit { max-width: 20em; }
}

.cmp_form .tagit { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

.cmp_form .tagit::before, .cmp_form .tagit::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.cmp_form .tagit::after { clear: both; }

.cmp_form .tagit > li { display: inline-block; }

.cmp_form .tagit > li.tagit-choice { margin-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; background: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 3px; line-height: 20px; }

.cmp_form .tagit input[type="text"] { display: inline-block; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; width: inherit; line-height: 30px; height: 30px; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px 0.5em; }

.cmp_form .tagit-close { padding: 0px 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 64, 64); }

.ui-autocomplete { width: 20em; padding: 2px; border-radius: 3px; background: rgb(69, 5, 91); }

.ui-autocomplete::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: -5px; left: 1em; width: 0px; height: 0px; color: rgb(69, 5, 91); border-bottom: 5px solid; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid transparent; vertical-align: middle; }

.ui-autocomplete > li { padding: 5px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }

.ui-autocomplete > li:hover, .ui-autocomplete > li:focus { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); }

.cmp_pagination { text-align: right; }

.cmp_pagination::before, .cmp_pagination::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.cmp_pagination::after { clear: both; }

.cmp_pagination .prev { float: left; margin-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; }

.cmp_pagination .prev::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; margin-right: 0.5em; }

.cmp_pagination .next { margin-left: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; }

.cmp_pagination .next::after { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; margin-left: 0.5em; }

.cmp_edit_link { display: inline-block; margin-left: 1em; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; }

.cmp_edit_link::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; }

.cmp_search_filter { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 13px; }

.cmp_search_filter:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.cmp_search_filter label { font-style: italic; }

.cmp_search_filter .delete { color: rgb(255, 64, 64); }

.cmp_notification { display: block; width: 100%; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px; background: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 122, 178); font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; }

.cmp_notification .success { border-color: rgb(0, 178, 78); }

.cmp_notification .no { border-color: rgb(255, 64, 64); }

.cmp_breadcrumbs { display: inline-block; }

.cmp_breadcrumbs ol { margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 20px; font-size: 13px; }

.cmp_breadcrumbs li { display: inline-block; }

.cmp_breadcrumbs a { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; }

.cmp_breadcrumbs .separator { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); padding: 0px 0.5em; }

.cmp_breadcrumbs .current { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.cmp_breadcrumbs .current h1 { margin: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 400; }

.cmp_back_link { margin-top: 20px; }

.cmp_announcements { margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; }

.cmp_announcements > li { padding: 30px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.cmp_announcements > li:last-child { border-bottom-width: medium; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: currentcolor; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .cmp_announcements { margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; }
  .cmp_announcements > li { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .cmp_announcements { margin-left: -30px; margin-right: -30px; }
  .cmp_announcements > li { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
}

.cmp_skip_to_content a { display: block; padding: 1em; z-index: 99999; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); transform: translateX(-50%); }

.cmp_skip_to_content a:focus { clip: auto; top: 0px; left: 50%; }

.cmp_table { width: 100%; border-width: 1px 1px medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) currentcolor; border-image: initial; border-collapse: collapse; }

.cmp_table th, .cmp_table td { padding: 0.5em; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.cmp_table th { font-weight: 700; }

body { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

a { color: rgb(0, 122, 178); }

a:hover, a:focus { color: rgb(0, 157, 229); }

.pkp_site_name, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper, .pkp_navigation_user, .pkp_structure_content, .pkp_structure_footer { position: relative; width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }

.pkp_site_name::before, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper::before, .pkp_navigation_user::before, .pkp_structure_content::before, .pkp_structure_footer::before, .pkp_site_name::after, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper::after, .pkp_navigation_user::after, .pkp_structure_content::after, .pkp_structure_footer::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.pkp_site_name::after, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper::after, .pkp_navigation_user::after, .pkp_structure_content::after, .pkp_structure_footer::after { clear: both; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_site_name, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper, .pkp_navigation_user, .pkp_structure_content, .pkp_structure_footer { width: 728px; padding: 0px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_site_name, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper, .pkp_navigation_user, .pkp_structure_content, .pkp_structure_footer { width: 952px; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .pkp_site_name, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper, .pkp_navigation_user, .pkp_structure_content, .pkp_structure_footer { width: 1160px; }
}

.has_site_logo .pkp_site_name, .has_site_logo .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper { width: auto; }

.has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper { position: relative; width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }

.has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper::before, .has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper::after { clear: both; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper { width: 728px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper { width: 952px; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper { width: 1160px; }
}

.pkp_structure_main { padding: 10px; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_structure_main { padding: 20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_structure_main::before, .pkp_structure_main::after { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 1px; background: rgb(221, 221, 221); }
  .pkp_structure_main::after { left: 728px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: 30px; }
  .pkp_structure_sidebar { float: right; width: 300px; }
  .pkp_structure_main { float: left; padding: 0px 30px 90px; width: 652px; }
  .pkp_structure_main::after { left: 652px; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .pkp_structure_main { width: 860px; }
  .pkp_structure_main::after { left: 860px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 40px; }
  .pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child::before { left: 150px; }
  .pkp_structure_main:first-child:last-child::after { left: auto; right: 150px; }
}

img { max-width: 100%; width: auto; height: auto; }

.pkp_structure_head { background-color: rgb(69, 5, 91); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.pkp_head_wrapper { padding-top: 60px; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .has_site_logo .pkp_head_wrapper { padding-top: 30px; }
}

.pkp_site_name { font-size: 2em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center; }

.pkp_site_name > a { padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; }

.pkp_site_name > a:focus { outline: 0px; }

.pkp_site_name .is_img { display: inline-block; }

.pkp_site_name .is_img:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 1px; }

.pkp_site_name .is_img img { display: block; max-height: 80px; max-width: 100%; width: auto; height: auto; }

.pkp_site_name .is_text { font-family: Lora, serif; display: inline-block; position: relative; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }

.pkp_site_name .is_text:focus { text-decoration: underline; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_site_name { text-align: left; }
}

.pkp_navigation_primary { text-align: center; }

.pkp_navigation_primary > li > a { margin: 0px 1em; padding: 10px 0px 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover, .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: 0px; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.pkp_navigation_primary > li:first-child a { margin-left: 0px; }

.pkp_navigation_primary > li:last-child a { margin-right: 0px; }

.pkp_navigation_primary > li:hover ul { left: 14px; }

.pkp_navigation_primary [aria-haspopup]:hover { border-color: transparent; }

.pkp_navigation_primary ul { text-align: left; }

.pkp_navigation_primary ul a { padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(0, 122, 178); }

.pkp_navigation_primary .dropdown-menu a:focus, .pkp_navigation_primary .dropdown-menu a:hover { border-color: rgb(0, 122, 178); }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_navigation_primary { display: inline-block; max-width: 80%; text-align: left; }
}

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search { display: block; padding: 10px 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: center; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search button { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search button { width: auto; margin-top: 0px; }
}

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_controls { display: none; position: relative; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_controls a { text-decoration: none; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_prompt { transition: background-color 0.4s; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_prompt::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_cancel, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_loading { position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 100%; margin-right: 20px; text-align: center; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_cancel::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_cancel:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_cancel:focus { outline: none; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(255, 64, 64); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_loading { display: none; }

.pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_loading::after { display: inline-block; position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; vertical-align: middle; animation: 0.6s linear 0s infinite normal none running pkp_spin; border-radius: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) transparent transparent rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); content: ""; opacity: 1; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; height: 40px; min-width: 100px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; transition: min-width 0.4s; text-align: right; overflow-x: hidden; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search button { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: -9999px; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search input[type="text"] { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_controls { display: inline-block; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_prompt { display: inline-block; position: relative; padding: 10px 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_prompt::before { font-size: 16px; margin-right: 0.25em; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_prompt:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search .search_prompt:focus { outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open { min-width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open input[type="text"] { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; line-height: 40px; height: 40px; top: 0px; left: 0px; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 180px; border-width: medium medium 1px; border-style: none none solid; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; font-size: 16px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open input[type="text"]:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open input[type="text"]:focus { outline: 0px; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open .search_prompt { padding-bottom: 9px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); color: rgb(0, 122, 178); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open .search_prompt:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_open .search_prompt:focus { border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 122, 178); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching input[type="text"] { opacity: 0.5; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching input[type="text"]:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching input[type="text"]:focus { border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching .search_prompt { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); color: rgb(0, 122, 178); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching .search_prompt:hover, .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching .search_prompt:focus { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 157, 229); }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching .search_cancel { display: none; }
  .pkp_head_wrapper .pkp_search.is_searching .search_loading { display: block; }
}

.pkp_navigation_user_wrapper { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }

.pkp_navigation_user { text-align: right; font-size: 13px; padding-right: 20px; }

.pkp_navigation_user li { text-align: left; }

.pkp_navigation_user a { padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; line-height: 20px; }

.pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus { outline: 0px; }

.pkp_navigation_user ul { width: 10em; }

.pkp_navigation_user > li > a, .pkp_navigation_user > li.in_focus > a, .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:hover, .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.pkp_navigation_user > li:last-child > a { padding-right: 0px; }

.pkp_navigation_user .task_count { display: inline-block; width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-left: 0.5em; border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); line-height: 20px; text-align: center; font-size: 12px; }

.pkp_navigation_user > li > ul a .task_count { background: rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.pkp_navigation_user > li > ul a:hover .task_count, .pkp_navigation_user > li > ul a:focus .task_count { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.pkp_structure_main h1 { font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_structure_main h2 { font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_structure_main h3 { font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_structure_main h4 { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_structure_main h5 { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 400; }

.pkp_structure_main h6 { font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_structure_main h1, .pkp_structure_main h2, .pkp_structure_main h3, .pkp_structure_main h4 { margin: 40px 0px 20px; }

.pkp_structure_main h5, .pkp_structure_main h6 { margin: 20px 0px; }

.pkp_structure_main p { line-height: 25px; margin: 20px 0px; }

.pkp_structure_main p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.pkp_structure_main .page h1 { margin-top: 0px; }

.pkp_structure_main .page > .cmp_edit_link { float: right; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 30px; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .monograph_count { float: right; padding: 10px 0px; font-size: 13px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); line-height: 30px; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section::before, .pkp_structure_main .page .about_section::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section::after { clear: both; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section .cover { float: right; width: 20%; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section .cover img { display: block; margin: 0px auto; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section .description p:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

.pkp_structure_main .page .about_section .description p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_structure_main .page .about_section { font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; }
}

.pkp_page_index .journals { margin-top: 30px; }

.pkp_page_index .journals > ul > li { margin: 30px 0px; }

.pkp_page_index .journals img { display: block; max-height: 20em; }

.pkp_page_index .journals h3 { margin: 10px 0px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_page_index .journals h3 a { text-decoration: none; }

.pkp_page_index .journals p { margin: 10px 0px; }

.pkp_page_index .journals .links li { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_page_index .journals > ul > li { margin: 0px -20px; padding: 20px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
  .pkp_page_index .journals > ul > li::before, .pkp_page_index .journals > ul > li::after { content: " "; display: table; }
  .pkp_page_index .journals > ul > li::after { clear: both; }
  .pkp_page_index .journals .thumb { float: left; width: 25%; padding-right: 20px; }
  .pkp_page_index .journals .thumb + .body { float: right; width: 75%; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_page_index .journals > ul > li { margin: 0px -30px; padding: 30px; }
  .pkp_page_index .journals .thumb { padding-right: 30px; }
}

.pkp_page_index .homepage_image, .pkp_page_index .additional_content { margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_page_index .homepage_image, .pkp_page_index .additional_content { margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_page_index .homepage_image, .pkp_page_index .additional_content { margin-left: -30px; margin-right: -30px; }
}

.pkp_page_index .homepage_image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_page_index .homepage_image { margin-top: -30px; }
}

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements { border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements::before, .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements::after { clear: both; }

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements > .obj_announcement_summary { position: relative; padding: 30px 10px; }

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more { position: relative; }

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more .obj_announcement_summary { padding: 10px; }

.pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more h4 { font-size: 13px; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements > .obj_announcement_summary, .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more .obj_announcement_summary { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements > .obj_announcement_summary { float: left; width: 65%; }
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements > .obj_announcement_summary::before { content: " "; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: -1px; width: 1px; height: 100%; border-left: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more { float: right; width: 35%; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; }
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more::before { content: " "; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 1px; height: 100%; border-left: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements > .obj_announcement_summary, .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements .more .obj_announcement_summary { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
}

.pkp_page_index .current_issue .current_issue_title { margin: 20px 0px; font-weight: 700; }

.pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more { display: inline-block; position: relative; padding-right: 30px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(0, 122, 178); text-decoration: none; margin-bottom: 20px; }

.pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more::after { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; position: absolute; top: 2px; right: 0px; width: 30px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; }

.pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more:hover, .pkp_page_index .current_issue .read_more:focus { color: rgb(0, 157, 229); }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_page_index .current_issue .section:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
}

.pkp_page_index .additional_content { padding: 30px 10px 0px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_page_index .additional_content { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_page_index .additional_content { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
}

.pkp_page_index .additional_content > p:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

.pkp_page_index .additional_content > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements + .additional_content { border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; }
}

.page_catalog_category .article_count { float: right; padding: 10px 0px; font-size: 13px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.page_catalog_category .about_section .cover { float: right; width: 20%; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; }

.page_catalog_category .subcategories li { padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; }

.page_catalog_category .subcategories a { text-decoration: none; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .page_catalog_category .subcategories { position: relative; margin-top: 60px; margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; padding: 30px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
  .page_catalog_category .subcategories h2 { position: absolute; top: -15px; left: 20px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; line-height: 30px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .page_catalog_category .subcategories { margin-left: -30px; margin-right: -30px; }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .page_catalog_category .cmp_article_list { padding-top: 20px; }
  .page_catalog_category h2.title { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); left: -2000px; position: absolute !important; }
  .page_catalog_category h2.title:focus { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 0px 0px 2px 2px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); display: block; font-size: 14px; height: auto; line-height: normal; padding: 10px; position: absolute; left: 5px; top: 5px; text-decoration: none; width: auto; z-index: 100000; clip: auto !important; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .page_catalog_category .cmp_article_list { padding-top: 30px; }
}

.page_contact .address, .page_contact .phone, .page_contact .email { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 13px; }

.page_contact .address { margin-top: 0px; }

.page_contact .address p { margin: 0px; }

.page_contact .label { display: block; font-weight: 700; }

.page_contact .contact.support { margin-top: 40px; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .page_contact .contact_section::before, .page_contact .contact_section::after { content: " "; display: table; }
  .page_contact .contact_section::after { clear: both; }
  .page_contact .contact { float: left; width: 50%; }
  .page_contact .contact.primary { padding-right: 20px; }
  .page_contact .contact.support { margin-top: 0px; }
}

.page_issue_archive .issues_archive { margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.page_issue_archive .issues_archive > li { padding: 30px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .page_issue_archive .issues_archive { margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; }
  .page_issue_archive .issues_archive > li { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .page_issue_archive .issues_archive { margin-left: -30px; margin-right: -30px; }
  .page_issue_archive .issues_archive > li { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
}

.page_issue_archive .cmp_pagination { margin-top: 20px; }

.page_login .login { margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 17em; }

.page_login .login input[type="text"], .page_login .login input[type="password"] { width: 100%; }

.page_login .password a { font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; }

.page_login .remember { padding-bottom: 0px; }

.page_login .remember .label { display: inline; font-style: normal; }

.page_login .buttons button { float: right; }

.page_login .buttons a { float: right; margin-right: 1em; margin-left: 0px; }

.page_lost_password .lost_password { margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 17em; }

.page_lost_password .lost_password input[type="text"] { width: 100%; }

.page_lost_password .pkp_form_error { margin: 20px 0px; padding: 10px; background: rgb(255, 64, 64); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }

.page_lost_password .buttons::before, .page_lost_password .buttons::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.page_lost_password .buttons::after { clear: both; }

.page_lost_password .buttons button { float: right; }

.page_lost_password .buttons a { float: right; font-size: 13px; line-height: 30px; margin-right: 1em; }

.page_register .required_label { font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); margin-bottom: 20px; }

.page_register .consent { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.page_register .fields .reviewer_interests { max-height: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; opacity: 0; transition: 0.3s; }

.page_register .fields .reviewer_interests.is_visible { max-height: 400px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 30px; opacity: 1; }

.page_register .context_optin .contexts > li { margin-bottom: 1em; }

.page_register .context_optin .contexts > li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.page_register .context_optin .roles { padding: 5px 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }

.page_register .context_optin .roles label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; }

.page_register .context_optin .context_privacy { position: absolute; left: -9999px; padding: 5px 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; }

.page_register .context_optin .context_privacy_visible { position: relative; left: auto; }

.page_register #formErrors { margin: 20px 0px; padding: 10px; background: rgb(255, 64, 64); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.page_register #formErrors .pkp_form_error { padding: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; }

.page_register #formErrors .pkp_form_error_list { margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; }

.page_register #formErrors .pkp_form_error_list a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .page_register .identity li { display: inline-block; padding-right: 1em; max-width: 13em; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .page_register .identity li { max-width: 17em; }
}

.page_search .search_input .query { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: 38px; font-size: 18px; line-height: 38px; }

.page_search .search_advanced { border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 0px 20px 20px; }

.page_search .search_advanced::before, .page_search .search_advanced::after { content: " "; display: table; }

.page_search .search_advanced::after { clear: both; }

.page_search .search_advanced legend { padding: 10px 20px; margin: 0px; font-weight: 400; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.page_search .date_range { float: left; width: 50%; }

.page_search .date_range .from { margin-bottom: 20px; }

.page_search .date_range [name*="Year"] { width: 6em; }

.page_search .date_range [name*="Day"] { width: 4em; }

.page_search .date_range [name*="Month"] { width: 10em; }

.page_search .author { width: 50%; float: right; }

.page_search .submit { text-align: right; }

.page_search .submit button { position: relative; padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 45px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; }

.page_search .submit button::after { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; position: absolute; top: -1px; right: 0px; width: 30px; height: 30px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; background: rgb(0, 122, 178); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px -1em 1em inset; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.page_search .submit button:hover::after, .page_search .submit button:focus::after { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1em 1em inset; background: rgb(0, 157, 229); }

.page_search .submit button::after { right: auto; left: 0px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }

.page_search .submit button::after { right: auto; left: 0px; }

.page_search .search_results { margin: 40px 0px; }

.page_search .search_results .obj_article_summary { padding: 20px 0px; }

.page_search .cmp_pagination { margin-top: 20px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); text-align: right; }

.page_search .cmp_pagination a { padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }

.page_section .section_description { margin-bottom: 2em; }

.page_submissions .submission_sections ul, .page_submissions .submission_checklist ul { margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; font-size: 13px; border-width: 1px 1px medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221) rgb(221, 221, 221) currentcolor; border-image: initial; }

.page_submissions .submission_sections li, .page_submissions .submission_checklist li { position: relative; padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.page_submissions .submission_sections li::before, .page_submissions .submission_checklist li::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); }

.page_submissions .submission_sections h3 { margin-top: 0px; }

.page_submissions .submission_sections .cmp_notification { margin-bottom: 0px; }

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .page_submissions .submission_sections li, .page_submissions .submission_checklist li { padding: 20px 20px 20px 40px; }
  .page_submissions .submission_sections li::before, .page_submissions .submission_checklist li::before { position: absolute; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 178, 78); }
  .page_submissions .submission_sections li::before { content: ""; top: 22px; left: 17px; }
  .page_submissions .submission_checklist li::before { content: ""; top: 50%; left: 20px; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); }
}

.header_view { z-index: 2; position: relative; background: rgb(0, 157, 229); }

.header_view a { line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none; }

.header_view .return { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 30px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 157, 229); text-align: center; }

.header_view .return::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; }

.header_view .return:hover, .header_view .return:focus { background: rgb(0, 122, 178); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.header_view .title { display: block; padding-left: 40px; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.header_view .title:hover, .header_view .title:focus { background: rgb(0, 122, 178); }

.header_view .download { display: block; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 30px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; }

.header_view .download:hover, .header_view .download:focus { background: rgb(0, 122, 178); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.header_view .download::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; }

.header_view .download .label { display: none; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .header_view .title { font-size: 14px; }
  .header_view .download { width: auto; padding: 0px 20px; }
  .header_view .download .label { display: inline-block; }
  .header_view .download .pkp_screen_reader, .header_view .download .pkp_page_index .cmp_announcements h2 { display: none; }
}

.galley_view { position: absolute; inset: 0px; overflow-y: hidden; }

.galley_view iframe { width: 100%; height: 100%; padding-top: 30px; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; }

.obj_announcement_full h1 { margin: 0px; }

.obj_announcement_full .date { margin: 16px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.obj_announcement_full .date::before { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; margin-right: 0.5em; color: rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.obj_announcement_full .description { margin-top: 40px; }

.obj_announcement_full .description p:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

.obj_announcement_full .description p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.obj_announcement_summary h2, .obj_announcement_summary h3, .obj_announcement_summary h4 { margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; }

.obj_announcement_summary h2 a, .obj_announcement_summary h3 a, .obj_announcement_summary h4 a { text-decoration: none; }

.obj_announcement_summary .date { font-size: 13px; line-height: 25px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.obj_announcement_summary .date::before { display: inline-block; font: 14px / 1 FontAwesome; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; margin-right: 0.5em; color: rgb(221, 221, 221); }

.obj_announcement_summary .summary { font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; }

.obj_announcement_summary .summary p:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

.obj_announcement_summary .summary p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.obj_announcement_summary .read_more { display: inline-block; position: relative; padding-right: 30px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(0, 122, 178); text-decoration: none; }

.obj_announcement_summary .read_more::after { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); content: ""; position: absolute; top: 2px; right: 0px; width: 30px; height: 30px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; }

.obj_announcement_summary .read_more:hover, .obj_announcement_summary .read_more:focus { color: rgb(0, 157, 229); }

.obj_article_details > .page_title { margin: 0px; }

.obj_article_details > .subtitle { margin: 0px; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 400; }

.obj_article_details .row { margin-top: 30px; }

.obj_article_details .item { padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; }

.obj_article_details .item > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

.obj_article_details .item > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.obj_article_details .sub_item { margin-bottom: 20px; }

.obj_article_details .sub_item:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.obj_article_details .main_entry .item .label { margin: 0px 0px 20px; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; }

.obj_article_details .main_entry .sub_item .label { font-size: 14px; }

.obj_article_details .authors li { margin-bottom: 10px; }

.obj_article_details .authors .name { font-weight: bold; display: block; }

.obj_article_details .authors .orcid { display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; }

.obj_article_details .authors .orcid a { vertical-align: middle; }

.obj_article_details .authors .orcid_icon { width: 20px; height: 20px; }

.obj_article_details .authors .affiliation { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); }

.obj_article_details .author_bios .sub_item .label { margin-bottom: 0px; }

.obj_article_details .author_bios .sub_item .value > p:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }

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transform: scaleX(0.901445);">Share</div><div style="left: 316.543px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915946);">Alike 4.0 International License</div><div style="left: 143.617px; top: 206.14px; font-size: 24.5137px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.929797);">Revisiting Policy</div><div style="left: 308.5718954248366px; top: 206.13954248365997px; font-size: 24.513725490196077px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 316.175px; top: 206.14px; font-size: 24.5137px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935016);">Making Processes: A Critical Review of Power, </div><div style="left: 333.132px; top: 240.606px; font-size: 24.5137px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.950857);">Interests, and Institutions</div><div style="left: 393.218px; top: 299.725px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927387);">Dhian Tyas</div><div style="left: 480.951px; top: 299.725px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.993047);">Untari</div><div style="left: 529.6408496732025px; top: 298.20424836601285px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">1</div><div style="left: 183.05424836601307px; top: 324.0081699346405px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">1</div><div style="left: 189.321px; top: 325.529px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919791);">Magister Ilmu Hukum; Syekh</div><div style="left: 404.46111111111105px; top: 325.52875816993463px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 410.175px; top: 325.529px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913105);">Yusuf Islamic University, Tangerang </div><div style="left: 678.9349673202613px; top: 325.52875816993463px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 692.39px; top: 325.529px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9254);">Banten</div><div style="left: 409.991px; top: 351.563px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.934561);">Ahmad Syari</div><div style="left: 506.9395424836601px; top: 351.5630718954247px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">f</div><div style="left: 512.8375816993463px; top: 350.04248366013053px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">2</div><div style="left: 183.05424836601307px; top: 375.84640522875804px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">2</div><div style="left: 189.321px; top: 377.367px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919791);">Magister Ilmu Hukum; Syekh</div><div style="left: 404.46111111111105px; top: 377.3669934640522px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 410.175px; top: 377.367px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913105);">Yusuf Islamic University, Tangerang </div><div style="left: 678.9349673202613px; top: 377.3669934640522px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 692.39px; top: 377.367px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9254);">Banten</div><div style="left: 404.645px; top: 403.355px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.936972);">Harry Sudhana</div><div style="left: 517.9983660130719px; top: 401.8346405228757px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">3</div><div style="left: 183.05424836601307px; top: 427.6385620915031px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">3</div><div style="left: 189.321px; top: 429.159px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919791);">Magister Ilmu Hukum; Syekh</div><div style="left: 404.46111111111105px; top: 429.15915032679726px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 410.175px; top: 429.159px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913105);">Yusuf Islamic University, Tangerang </div><div style="left: 678.9349673202613px; top: 429.15915032679726px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 692.39px; top: 429.159px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9254);">Banten</div><div style="left: 349.536px; top: 454.963px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944909);">Muhammad Firman Maulana</div><div style="left: 573.1388888888888px; top: 453.4424836601306px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">4</div><div style="left: 183.05424836601307px; top: 479.4307189542483px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">4</div><div style="left: 189.321px; top: 480.951px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919791);">Magister Ilmu Hukum; Syekh</div><div style="left: 404.46111111111105px; top: 480.9513071895423px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 410.175px; top: 480.951px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913105);">Yusuf Islamic University, Tangerang </div><div style="left: 678.9349673202613px; top: 480.9513071895423px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 692.39px; top: 480.951px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9254);">Banten</div><div style="left: 388.057px; top: 506.755px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.965034);">Nyayu Maya Ardini</div><div style="left: 534.8016339869281px; top: 505.2346405228757px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">5</div><div style="left: 183.05424836601307px; top: 531.0385620915031px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">5</div><div style="left: 189.321px; top: 532.559px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919791);">Magister Ilmu Hukum; Syekh</div><div style="left: 404.46111111111105px; top: 532.5591503267972px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 410.175px; top: 532.559px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913105);">Yusuf Islamic University, Tangerang </div><div style="left: 678.9349673202613px; top: 532.5591503267972px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 692.39px; top: 532.559px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9254);">Banten</div><div style="left: 405.383px; top: 558.547px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935516);">Mustofa Kamil</div><div style="left: 517.4454248366012px; top: 557.0267973856207px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">6</div><div style="left: 268.57581699346406px; top: 582.8307189542483px; font-size: 12.349019607843134px; font-family: sans-serif;">6</div><div style="left: 274.842px; top: 584.351px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900996);">Syekh</div><div style="left: 318.9395424836601px; top: 584.3513071895422px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 324.653px; top: 584.351px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913105);">Yusuf Islamic University, Tangerang </div><div style="left: 593.4133986928105px; top: 584.3513071895422px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 606.868px; top: 584.351px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.924761);">Banten</div><div style="left: 295.117px; top: 636.174px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.929396);">Corresponding Author: </div><div style="left: 470.998px; top: 636.174px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935294);">tyas_un@yahoo.co.id</div><div style="left: 433.767px; top: 687.966px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.929148);">Abstract</div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 713.77px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.877373);">This  study  critically  reviews  the  dynamics  of  policy</div><div style="left: 547.1506535947713px; top: 713.7702614379083px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 552.864px; top: 713.77px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.880759);">making  processes  by  examining  the </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 739.758px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926528);">interplay of power, interests, and institutions within contemporary governance systems. Drawing </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 765.562px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.947172);">on a wide range of literature, the review challenges rational</div><div style="left: 554.8918300653594px; top: 765.5624183006533px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">–</div><div style="left: 564.108px; top: 765.562px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92889);">linear mode</div><div style="left: 653.868px; top: 765.562px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92083);">ls of policy formulation </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 791.366px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886511);">by  highlighting  how  political  actors,  elite  interests,  and  institutional  arrangements  shape  policy </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 817.355px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.863303);">outcomes.  The  analysis  underscores  that  policy</div><div style="left: 458.09640522875816px; top: 817.3545751633984px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 463.81px; top: 817.355px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.865907);">making  is  not  a  neutral  or  technocratic  process, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 843.205px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.918989);">but  rather  a  contested  arena  where  c</div><div style="left: 401.881px; top: 843.205px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919902);">ompeting  interests  negotiate,  dominate,  and  influence </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 869.008px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925628);">decisions. Furthermore, institutional frameworks are shown to both constrain and enable actors, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 894.997px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.895062);">reinforcing asymmetries of power across different governance levels. The review also explores how </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 920.801px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923165);">informal</div><div style="left: 173.47px; top: 920.801px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928113);">networks  and  political  bargaining  often  override  formal  procedures,  particularly  in </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 946.789px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90292);">developing  contexts.  By  synthesizing  critical  perspectives,  this  paper  contributes  to  a  deeper </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 972.593px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.89233);">understanding  of  policy  complexity  and  calls  for  more  inclusive,  transparent</div><div style="left: 689.072px; top: 972.593px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90022);">,  and  accountable </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 998.397px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906214);">governance approaches in addressing contemporary policy challenges.</div><div class="endOfContent"></div></div><div class="annotationLayer"><section data-annotation-id="12R" class="linkAnnotation" style="transform: matrix(1.53595, 0, 0, 1.53595, 0, 0); transform-origin: -476.48px -707.629px; left: 476.48px; top: 707.629px; width: 64.42px; height: 27.223px;"><a title="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section><section data-annotation-id="13R" class="linkAnnotation" style="transform: matrix(1.53595, 0, 0, 1.53595, 0, 0); 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font-size: 16.9569px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900773);">444</div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 1068.25px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900506);">IJEVSS, Volume 0</div><div style="left: 231.71307189542483px; top: 1068.2454901960782px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">5</div><div style="left: 245.352px; top: 1068.25px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884428);">Issue 0</div><div style="left: 297.5130718954248px; top: 1068.2454901960782px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">2</div><div style="left: 306.913px; top: 1068.25px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.941889);">, 202</div><div style="left: 344.00620915032675px; top: 1068.2454901960782px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">6</div><div style="left: 207.199px; top: 1110.12px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.918315);">Copyright at authors some right reserved this work is licensed under a</div><div style="left: 735.565px; top: 1110.12px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926446);">Creative </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92393);">Commons Attribution</div><div style="left: 264.1522875816993px; top: 1132.6078431372548px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 269.866px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901445);">Share</div><div style="left: 316.543px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915946);">Alike 4.0 International License</div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 178.999px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.947693);">Keywords: policy</div><div style="left: 231.52875816993463px; top: 178.99934640522855px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 237.242px; top: 178.999px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.947552);">making process; power relations; political interests; institutions; governance; </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 204.803px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.955527);">critical review</div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 256.595px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927979);">INTRODUCTION </div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 282.399px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902632);">Public  policy  has  long  been  conceptualized  as  a  rational  and  linear  process  in  which </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 308.388px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902523);">governments  identify  problems,  formulate  solutions,  and  implement  decisions  in  a  structured </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 334.192px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92417);">sequence. However, contemporary scholarship increasingly challenges this techno</div><div style="left: 723.355px; top: 334.192px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.938347);">cratic view by </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 360.226px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.937221);">emphasizing the inherently political nature of policy</div><div style="left: 494.9591503267973px; top: 360.22581699346387px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 500.673px; top: 360.226px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915858);">making processes. Governance is no longer </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 386.03px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.908888);">understood  merely  as  administrative  coordination  but  as  a  complex  arena  involving  multiple </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 411.834px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.888563);">actors,  competing  interests,  and  institutional  constra</div><div style="left: 503.806px; top: 411.834px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902786);">ints  (Peters, 2011;  Lynn et  al.,  2000;  Bevir, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 437.822px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.895842);">2010)  .  The  evolution  of  governance  theory  highlights  that  policy</div><div style="left: 607.9741830065359px; top: 437.82189542483644px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 613.688px; top: 437.822px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.897843);">making  is  embedded  within </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 463.626px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.894373);">broader  political  systems  where  state,  market,  and  civil  society  interact  dynamically.  As  such, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 489.614px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914662);">policy  outcomes  cannot</div><div style="left: 298.066px; top: 489.614px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939604);">be  separated  from  the  distribution  of  power  and  the  institutional </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 515.418px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.91969);">arrangements  that  shape  decision</div><div style="left: 370.7316993464052px; top: 515.417973856209px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 376.445px; top: 515.418px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.924939);">making  processes  (Rhodes,  2007;  Pierre  &amp;  Peters,  2000; </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 541.222px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926051);">Osborne, 2010) .</div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 567.21px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.872439);">At  the  core  of  this  shift  is  the  recognition  that  power  plays  a  central  role  in  structuring </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 593.045px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925014);">policy processes. Rather than being neutral, policy</div><div style="left: 479.4767973856209px; top: 593.0447712418298px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 485.191px; top: 593.045px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.921923);">making arenas are often dominated by actors </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 618.849px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.896189);">who possess varying degrees of influence and resources. Power manife</div><div style="left: 626.406px; top: 618.849px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909122);">sts not only through formal </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 644.837px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884141);">authority  but  also through  informal  mechanisms  such as  agenda</div><div style="left: 592.123202614379px; top: 644.8369281045749px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 597.837px; top: 644.837px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901533);">setting, discourse  control,  and </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 670.641px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.947876);">network  positioning  (Lukes,  1974;  Gaventa,  1980;  Follett,  1975)  .  These  dynamics  create </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 696.629px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911761);">asymmetrical relationships in which certain ac</div><div style="left: 447.222px; top: 696.629px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925466);">tors are able to shape policy priorities while others </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 722.433px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.940061);">are marginalized. In deliberative governance contexts, power can operate both as “power</div><div style="left: 780.7222222222222px; top: 722.4330065359476px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 786.436px; top: 722.433px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.973382);">over” </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 748.237px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.987479);">and  “power</div><div style="left: 196.87777777777777px; top: 748.236928104575px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 202.592px; top: 748.237px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.963891);">with,”  reflecting  coercive  and  collaborative  dimensions  that  influence  policy </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 774.225px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901532);">outcomes  (Lukes,  19</div><div style="left: 263.046px; top: 774.225px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927851);">74;  Gaventa,  1980;  Follett,  1975)  .  Consequently,  understanding  policy</div><div style="left: 822.008496732026px; top: 774.2251633986926px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 800.029px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901968);">making  requires  a  critical  examination  of  how  power  is  distributed,  exercised,  and  contested </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 825.833px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911906);">within governance systems.</div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 851.867px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898303);">In   addition   to   power,   political   interests   significantly   shape   policy   formulation   and </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 877.671px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919732);">implementation.  Policy</div><div style="left: 277.97581699346404px; top: 877.6712418300651px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 283.505px; top: 877.671px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901121);">making  is  often  driven  by  the  strategic  behavior  of  actors  seeking  to </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 903.659px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914662);">maximize their preferences, whether these actors are political elites, bureauc</div><div style="left: 673.221px; top: 903.659px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925232);">rats, interest groups, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 929.463px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.931926);">or  external  stakeholders.  The  role  of  political  interests  is  particularly  evident  in  legislative </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 955.267px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.937249);">processes, where institutional arrangements determine the extent to which different actors can </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 981.256px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916564);">influence outcomes (Carey, 2006; Strøm, 1</div><div style="left: 417.179px; top: 981.256px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904921);">990; Tsebelis, 2002) . For instance, the presence of veto </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 1007.06px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.921634);">players, opposition parties, and decentralized committee systems can alter the balance of power </div><div class="endOfContent"></div></div><div class="annotationLayer"><section data-annotation-id="33R" class="linkAnnotation" style="transform: matrix(1.53595, 0, 0, 1.53595, 0, 0); transform-origin: -476.48px -707.629px; left: 476.48px; top: 707.629px; width: 64.42px; height: 27.223px;"><a title="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section><section data-annotation-id="34R" class="linkAnnotation" style="transform: matrix(1.53595, 0, 0, 1.53595, 0, 0); transform-origin: -63.75px -734.852px; left: 63.75px; top: 734.852px; width: 290.96px; height: 14.648px;"><a title="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="3" data-loaded="true" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="canvasWrapper" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><canvas id="page3" width="2820" height="3651" style="width: 940px; height: 1217px;"></canvas></div><div class="textLayer" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div style="left: 801.918px; top: 1047.24px; font-size: 16.9569px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900773);">445</div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 1068.25px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900506);">IJEVSS, Volume 0</div><div style="left: 231.71307189542483px; top: 1068.2454901960782px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">5</div><div style="left: 245.352px; top: 1068.25px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884428);">Issue 0</div><div style="left: 297.5130718954248px; top: 1068.2454901960782px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">2</div><div style="left: 306.913px; top: 1068.25px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.941889);">, 202</div><div style="left: 344.00620915032675px; top: 1068.2454901960782px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">6</div><div style="left: 207.199px; top: 1110.12px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.918315);">Copyright at authors some right reserved this work is licensed under a</div><div style="left: 735.565px; top: 1110.12px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926446);">Creative </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92393);">Commons Attribution</div><div style="left: 264.1522875816993px; top: 1132.6078431372548px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 269.866px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901445);">Share</div><div style="left: 316.543px; top: 1132.61px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915946);">Alike 4.0 International License</div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 178.999px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909902);">and affect the trajectory of policy decisions. These dynamics underscore that policy</div><div style="left: 722.6173202614378px; top: 178.99934640522855px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 728.331px; top: 178.999px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898858);">making is not </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 204.803px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.899104);">merely  a  problem</div><div style="left: 237.05816993464052px; top: 204.80326797385618px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 242.772px; top: 204.803px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.866219);">solving  exercise  but  a  bargaining  process  shaped  by  competing  interests  and </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 230.792px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.908928);">strategic interactions among actors.</div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 256.595px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.933096);">Furthermore, institutions provide the structural context within which power and interests </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 282.399px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.920752);">are exercised. Institutions</div><div style="left: 295.11699346405226px; top: 282.39934640522864px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">—</div><div style="left: 311.936px; top: 282.399px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927369);">defined as formal rules, norms, and procedures</div><div style="left: 668.6133986928104px; top: 282.39934640522864px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">—</div><div style="left: 685.386px; top: 282.399px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926546);">both constrain and </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 308.388px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.03019);">enable the behavior of policy actors. They establish the “rules of the g</div><div style="left: 685.939px; top: 308.388px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.01116);">ame” that govern </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 334.192px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892878);">interactions,  allocate  authority,  and  shape  policy  outcomes  (March  &amp;  Olsen,  1989;  Crawford  &amp; </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 360.226px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904649);">Ostrom, 1995; Pierson, 2004) . Institutional design influences who participates in policy processes, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 386.03px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.905821);">how decisions are made, and which interests a</div><div style="left: 446.669px; top: 386.03px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.922217);">re prioritized. At the same time, institutions are not </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 411.834px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.934541);">static; they evolve over time through processes such as path dependence and critical junctures, </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 437.822px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.932467);">which  reinforce  certain  policy  trajectories  while  limiting  alternative  options  (Pierson,  2004; </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 463.626px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.965619);">Mahoney &amp; </div><div style="left: 194.482px; top: 463.626px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926979);">Thelen, 2010; Peters, 2011) . This dynamic interplay between institutions and actors </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 489.614px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.934268);">highlights the need to analyze policy</div><div style="left: 377.91993464052285px; top: 489.6140522875815px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 383.634px; top: 489.614px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923951);">making as a historically contingent and context</div><div style="left: 739.8045751633987px; top: 489.6140522875815px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 745.518px; top: 489.614px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.942226);">dependent </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 515.418px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.882219);">process.</div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 541.222px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926763);">Despite  the  growing  recognition  of  these  complexities,  a  significant  gap  remains  in </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 567.21px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.943954);">integrating  the  dimensions  of  power,  interests,  and  institutions  into  a  cohesive  analytical </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 593.045px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.941169);">framework. Much of the traditional policy literature continues to emphasize tech</div><div style="left: 716.166px; top: 593.045px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917689);">nical efficiency </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 618.849px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919446);">and  evidence</div><div style="left: 204.8032679738562px; top: 618.8486928104574px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 210.517px; top: 618.849px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.890374);">based  decision</div><div style="left: 324.8375816993464px; top: 618.8486928104574px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 330.551px; top: 618.849px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92031);">making,  often  overlooking  the  political  dynamics  that  underpin </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 644.837px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.922032);">policy processes. This tendency toward depoliticization has been critiqued for obscuring the role </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 670.641px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909592);">of conflict, negotiation, and contestation in shap</div><div style="left: 459.387px; top: 670.641px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90132);">ing policy outcomes (Fawcett et al., 2017; Flinders </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 696.629px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917399);">&amp;  Wood,  2014;  Offe,  2013)  .  Moreover,  the  separation  between  policy  analysis  and  political </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 722.433px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917261);">analysis limits our understanding of how governance operates in practice, particularly in contexts </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 748.237px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913953);">characterized </div><div style="left: 210.517px; top: 748.237px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916113);">by  institutional  fragility  or  democratic  backsliding  (Mounk,  2018;  Stoker,  2019; </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 774.225px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927982);">Bauer et al., 2021) .</div><div style="left: 156.697px; top: 800.029px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909612);">This study addresses these gaps by conducting a critical literature review of policy</div><div style="left: 767.6359477124182px; top: 800.02908496732px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 773.35px; top: 800.029px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.896373);">making </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 825.833px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.930187);">processes,  focusing  on  the  interconnections  between  power,  interests,  and  institutions.  By </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 851.867px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898515);">synthesizing  insights  from  governance  theory,  political  science,  and  inst</div><div style="left: 659.582px; top: 851.867px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.905525);">itutional  analysis,  this </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 877.671px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919781);">review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how policy decisions are shaped </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 903.659px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.943459);">in real</div><div style="left: 148.04078431372548px; top: 903.6594771241828px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 153.748px; top: 903.659px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9178);">world contexts. It argues that policy</div><div style="left: 421.23366013071893px; top: 903.6594771241828px; font-size: 18.431372549019606px; font-family: sans-serif;">-</div><div style="left: 426.947px; top: 903.659px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906647);">making should be viewed as a complex and contested </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 929.463px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.882575);">process  in  which  multiple  actors  interact</div><div style="left: 419.759px; top: 929.463px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900083);">within  institutional  frameworks  that  both  enable  and </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 955.267px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914547);">constrain their actions. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of considering informal </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 981.256px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910715);">practices,  political  bargaining,  and  contextual  factors  that  influence  policy  outcomes  beyond </div><div style="left: 101.409px; top: 1007.06px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.933065);">formal pr</div><div style="left: 171.442px; top: 1007.06px; font-size: 18.4314px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909143);">ocedures.</div><div class="endOfContent"></div></div><div class="annotationLayer"><section data-annotation-id="37R" class="linkAnnotation" style="transform: matrix(1.53595, 0, 0, 1.53595, 0, 0); transform-origin: -476.48px -707.629px; left: 476.48px; top: 707.629px; width: 64.42px; height: 27.223px;"><a title="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section><section data-annotation-id="38R" class="linkAnnotation" style="transform: matrix(1.53595, 0, 0, 1.53595, 0, 0); transform-origin: -63.75px -734.852px; left: 63.75px; top: 734.852px; width: 290.96px; height: 14.648px;"><a title="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_top" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"></a></section></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="4" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="5" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="6" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="7" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="8" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="9" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="10" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="11" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="12" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div><div class="page" data-page-number="13" style="width: 939px; height: 1216px;"><div class="loadingIcon"></div></div></div>
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#viewerContainer.pdfPresentationMode:fullscreen { top: 0px; border-top: 2px solid transparent; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; cursor: none; user-select: none; }

.pdfPresentationMode:-webkit-full-screen a:not(.internalLink) { display: none; }

.pdfPresentationMode:fullscreen a:not(.internalLink) { display: none; }

.pdfPresentationMode:-webkit-full-screen .textLayer > div { cursor: none; }

.pdfPresentationMode:fullscreen .textLayer > div { cursor: none; }

.pdfPresentationMode.pdfPresentationModeControls > *, .pdfPresentationMode.pdfPresentationModeControls .textLayer > div { cursor: default; }

#outerContainer { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; }

#sidebarContainer { position: absolute; top: 32px; bottom: 0px; width: var(--sidebar-width); visibility: hidden; z-index: 100; border-top: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); transition-duration: 200ms; transition-timing-function: ease; }

html[dir="ltr"] #sidebarContainer { transition-property: left; left: calc(-1 * var(--sidebar-width)); }

html[dir="rtl"] #sidebarContainer { transition-property: right; right: calc(-1 * var(--sidebar-width)); }

.loadingInProgress #sidebarContainer { top: 36px; }

#outerContainer.sidebarResizing #sidebarContainer { transition-duration: 0s; user-select: none; }

#outerContainer.sidebarMoving #sidebarContainer, #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #sidebarContainer { visibility: visible; }

html[dir="ltr"] #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #sidebarContainer { left: 0px; }

html[dir="rtl"] #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #sidebarContainer { right: 0px; }

#mainContainer { position: absolute; inset: 0px; min-width: 320px; }

#sidebarContent { top: 32px; bottom: 0px; overflow: auto; position: absolute; width: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); }

html[dir="ltr"] #sidebarContent { left: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) -1px 0px 0px inset; }

html[dir="rtl"] #sidebarContent { right: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) 1px 0px 0px inset; }

#viewerContainer { overflow: auto; position: absolute; inset: 32px 0px 0px; outline: none; }

#viewerContainer:not(.pdfPresentationMode) { transition-duration: 200ms; transition-timing-function: ease; }

html[dir="ltr"] #viewerContainer { box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px 0px 0px inset; }

html[dir="rtl"] #viewerContainer { box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) -1px 0px 0px inset; }

#outerContainer.sidebarResizing #viewerContainer { transition-duration: 0s; }

html[dir="ltr"] #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #viewerContainer:not(.pdfPresentationMode) { transition-property: left; left: var(--sidebar-width); }

html[dir="rtl"] #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #viewerContainer:not(.pdfPresentationMode) { transition-property: right; right: var(--sidebar-width); }

.toolbar { position: relative; left: 0px; right: 0px; z-index: 9999; cursor: default; }

#toolbarContainer { width: 100%; }

#toolbarSidebar { width: 100%; height: 32px; background-color: rgb(66, 66, 66); background-image: url("images/texture.png"), linear-gradient(rgba(77, 77, 77, 0.99), rgba(64, 64, 64, 0.95)); }

html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarSidebar { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) -1px 0px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px -1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 1px; }

html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarSidebar { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) 1px 0px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 1px; }

#sidebarResizer { position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 6px; z-index: 200; cursor: ew-resize; }

html[dir="ltr"] #sidebarResizer { right: -6px; }

html[dir="rtl"] #sidebarResizer { left: -6px; }

#toolbarContainer, .findbar, .secondaryToolbar { position: relative; height: 32px; background-color: rgb(71, 71, 71); background-image: url("images/texture.png"), linear-gradient(rgba(82, 82, 82, 0.99), rgba(69, 69, 69, 0.95)); }

html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarContainer, .findbar, .secondaryToolbar { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px -1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 1px 1px; }

html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarContainer, .findbar, .secondaryToolbar { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px -1px 0px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1px 0px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 1px 1px; }

#toolbarViewer { height: 32px; }

#loadingBar { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 4px; background-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); }

#loadingBar .progress { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0%; height: 100%; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow: hidden; transition: width 200ms; }

@-webkit-keyframes progressIndeterminate { 
  0% { left: -142px; }
  100% { left: 0px; }
}

@keyframes progressIndeterminate { 
  0% { left: -142px; }
  100% { left: 0px; }
}

#loadingBar .progress.indeterminate { background-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); transition: none; }

#loadingBar .progress.indeterminate .glimmer { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 100%; width: calc(100% + 150px); background: repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(187, 187, 187) 0px, rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px, rgb(153, 153, 153) 45px, rgb(221, 221, 221) 55px, rgb(221, 221, 221) 95px, rgb(187, 187, 187) 100px); animation: 950ms linear 0s infinite normal none running progressIndeterminate; }

.findbar, .secondaryToolbar { top: 32px; position: absolute; z-index: 10000; height: auto; min-width: 16px; padding: 0px 6px; margin: 4px 2px; color: rgb(217, 217, 217); font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; text-align: left; cursor: default; }

.findbar { min-width: 300px; }

.findbar > div { height: 32px; }

.findbar.wrapContainers > div { clear: both; }

.findbar.wrapContainers > div#findbarMessageContainer { height: auto; }

html[dir="ltr"] .findbar { left: 68px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .findbar { right: 68px; }

.findbar label { user-select: none; }

#findInput { width: 200px; }

#findInput::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(191, 191, 191); }

#findInput::placeholder { font-style: italic; }

#findInput[data-status="pending"] { background-image: url("images/loading-small.png"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right center; }

html[dir="rtl"] #findInput[data-status="pending"] { background-position: left center; }

.secondaryToolbar { padding: 6px; height: auto; z-index: 30000; }

html[dir="ltr"] .secondaryToolbar { right: 4px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .secondaryToolbar { left: 4px; }

#secondaryToolbarButtonContainer { max-width: 200px; max-height: 400px; overflow-y: auto; margin-bottom: -4px; }

#secondaryToolbarButtonContainer.hiddenScrollModeButtons > .scrollModeButtons, #secondaryToolbarButtonContainer.hiddenSpreadModeButtons > .spreadModeButtons { display: none !important; }

.doorHanger, .doorHangerRight { border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px; }

.doorHanger::after, .doorHanger::before, .doorHangerRight::after, .doorHangerRight::before { bottom: 100%; border: solid transparent; content: " "; height: 0px; width: 0px; position: absolute; pointer-events: none; }

.doorHanger::after, .doorHangerRight::after { border-bottom-color: rgba(82, 82, 82, 0.99); border-width: 8px; }

.doorHanger::before, .doorHangerRight::before { border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-width: 9px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .doorHanger::after, html[dir="rtl"] .doorHangerRight::after { left: 13px; margin-left: -8px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .doorHanger::before, html[dir="rtl"] .doorHangerRight::before { left: 13px; margin-left: -9px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .doorHanger::after, html[dir="ltr"] .doorHangerRight::after { right: 13px; margin-right: -8px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .doorHanger::before, html[dir="ltr"] .doorHangerRight::before { right: 13px; margin-right: -9px; }

#findResultsCount { background-color: rgb(217, 217, 217); color: rgb(82, 82, 82); text-align: center; padding: 3px 4px; }

#findMsg { font-style: italic; color: rgb(166, 183, 208); }

#findMsg:empty { display: none; }

#findInput.notFound { background-color: rgb(255, 102, 102); }

#toolbarViewerMiddle { position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }

html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarViewerLeft, html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarViewerRight { float: left; }

html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarViewerRight, html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarViewerLeft { float: right; }

html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarViewerLeft > *, html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarViewerMiddle > *, html[dir="ltr"] #toolbarViewerRight > *, html[dir="ltr"] .findbar * { position: relative; float: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarViewerLeft > *, html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarViewerMiddle > *, html[dir="rtl"] #toolbarViewerRight > *, html[dir="rtl"] .findbar * { position: relative; float: right; }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButton { margin: 3px 2px 4px 0px; display: inline-block; }

html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButton { margin: 3px 0px 4px 2px; display: inline-block; }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton { border-radius: 0px; float: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton { border-radius: 0px; float: right; }

.toolbarButton, .secondaryToolbarButton, .overlayButton { border: 0px; background: none; width: 32px; height: 25px; }

.toolbarButton > span { display: inline-block; width: 0px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; }

.toolbarButton[disabled], .secondaryToolbarButton[disabled], .overlayButton[disabled] { opacity: 0.5; }

.splitToolbarButton.toggled .toolbarButton { margin: 0px; }

.splitToolbarButton:hover > .toolbarButton, .splitToolbarButton:focus > .toolbarButton, .splitToolbarButton.toggled > .toolbarButton, .toolbarButton.textButton { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow; transition-duration: 150ms; transition-timing-function: ease; }

.splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton:hover, .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton:focus, .dropdownToolbarButton:hover, .overlayButton:hover, .overlayButton:focus, .toolbarButton.textButton:hover, .toolbarButton.textButton:focus { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 0px 1px; z-index: 199; }

.splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton { position: relative; }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton:first-child, html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton:last-child { position: relative; margin: 0px -1px 0px 0px; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-right-color: transparent; }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton:last-child, html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButton > .toolbarButton:first-child { position: relative; margin: 0px 0px 0px -1px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-left-color: transparent; }

.splitToolbarButtonSeparator { padding: 8px 0px; width: 1px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); z-index: 99; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 0px 0px 0px 1px; display: inline-block; margin: 5px 0px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButtonSeparator { float: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButtonSeparator { float: right; }

.splitToolbarButton:hover > .splitToolbarButtonSeparator, .splitToolbarButton.toggled > .splitToolbarButtonSeparator { padding: 12px 0px; margin: 1px 0px; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 0px 0px 0px 1px; transition-property: padding; transition-duration: 10ms; transition-timing-function: ease; }

.toolbarButton, .dropdownToolbarButton, .secondaryToolbarButton, .overlayButton { min-width: 16px; padding: 2px 6px 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 2px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; user-select: none; cursor: default; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow; transition-duration: 150ms; transition-timing-function: ease; }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton, html[dir="ltr"] .overlayButton, html[dir="ltr"] .dropdownToolbarButton { margin: 3px 2px 4px 0px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton, html[dir="rtl"] .overlayButton, html[dir="rtl"] .dropdownToolbarButton { margin: 3px 0px 4px 2px; }

.toolbarButton:hover, .toolbarButton:focus, .dropdownToolbarButton, .overlayButton, .secondaryToolbarButton:hover, .secondaryToolbarButton:focus { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px; }

.toolbarButton:hover:active, .overlayButton:hover:active, .dropdownToolbarButton:hover:active, .secondaryToolbarButton:hover:active { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 1px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow; transition-duration: 10ms; transition-timing-function: linear; }

.toolbarButton.toggled, .splitToolbarButton.toggled > .toolbarButton.toggled, .secondaryToolbarButton.toggled { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 1px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow; transition-duration: 10ms; transition-timing-function: linear; }

.toolbarButton.toggled:hover:active, .splitToolbarButton.toggled > .toolbarButton.toggled:hover:active, .secondaryToolbarButton.toggled:hover:active { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px; }

.dropdownToolbarButton { width: 120px; max-width: 120px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; background: url("images/toolbarButton-menuArrows.png") no-repeat; }

html[dir="ltr"] .dropdownToolbarButton { background-position: 95% center; }

html[dir="rtl"] .dropdownToolbarButton { background-position: 5% center; }

.dropdownToolbarButton > select { min-width: 140px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(242, 242, 242); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 2px 2px; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }

.dropdownToolbarButton > select > option { background: rgb(61, 61, 61); }

#customScaleOption { display: none; }

#pageWidthOption { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButton:first-child, html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton:first-child, html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButton:last-child, html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton:last-child { margin-left: 4px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .splitToolbarButton:last-child, html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton:last-child, html[dir="rtl"] .splitToolbarButton:first-child, html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton:first-child { margin-right: 4px; }

.toolbarButtonSpacer { width: 30px; display: inline-block; height: 1px; }

html[dir="ltr"] #findPrevious { margin-left: 3px; }

html[dir="ltr"] #findNext { margin-right: 3px; }

html[dir="rtl"] #findPrevious { margin-right: 3px; }

html[dir="rtl"] #findNext { margin-left: 3px; }

.toolbarButton::before, .secondaryToolbarButton::before { position: absolute; display: inline-block; top: 4px; left: 7px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .secondaryToolbarButton::before { left: 4px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .secondaryToolbarButton::before { right: 4px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton#sidebarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-sidebarToggle.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton#sidebarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-sidebarToggle-rtl.png"); }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton#secondaryToolbarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-secondaryToolbarToggle.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton#secondaryToolbarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-secondaryToolbarToggle-rtl.png"); }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.findPrevious::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-previous.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.findPrevious::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-previous-rtl.png"); }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.findNext::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-next.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.findNext::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-next-rtl.png"); }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.pageUp::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageUp.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.pageUp::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageUp-rtl.png"); }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.pageDown::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageDown.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.pageDown::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageDown-rtl.png"); }

.toolbarButton.zoomOut::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-zoomOut.png"); }

.toolbarButton.zoomIn::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-zoomIn.png"); }

.toolbarButton.presentationMode::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.presentationMode::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-presentationMode.png"); }

.toolbarButton.print::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.print::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-print.png"); }

.toolbarButton.openFile::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.openFile::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-openFile.png"); }

.toolbarButton.download::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.download::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-download.png"); }

.toolbarButton.bookmark, .secondaryToolbarButton.bookmark { box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; padding-top: 4px; text-decoration: none; }

.secondaryToolbarButton.bookmark { padding-top: 5px; }

.bookmark[href="#"] { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }

.toolbarButton.bookmark::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.bookmark::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-bookmark.png"); }

#viewThumbnail.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewThumbnail.png"); }

html[dir="ltr"] #viewOutline.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewOutline.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] #viewOutline.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewOutline-rtl.png"); }

#viewAttachments.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewAttachments.png"); }

#viewFind.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-search.png"); }

.toolbarButton.pdfSidebarNotification::after { position: absolute; display: inline-block; top: 1px; content: ""; background-color: rgb(112, 219, 85); height: 9px; width: 9px; border-radius: 50%; }

html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.pdfSidebarNotification::after { left: 17px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.pdfSidebarNotification::after { right: 17px; }

.secondaryToolbarButton { position: relative; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 3px 0px 1px; height: auto; min-height: 25px; width: auto; min-width: 100%; white-space: normal; }

html[dir="ltr"] .secondaryToolbarButton { padding-left: 24px; text-align: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] .secondaryToolbarButton { padding-right: 24px; text-align: right; }

html[dir="ltr"] .secondaryToolbarButton.bookmark { padding-left: 27px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .secondaryToolbarButton.bookmark { padding-right: 27px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .secondaryToolbarButton > span { padding-right: 4px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .secondaryToolbarButton > span { padding-left: 4px; }

.secondaryToolbarButton.firstPage::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-firstPage.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.lastPage::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-lastPage.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.rotateCcw::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-rotateCcw.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.rotateCw::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-rotateCw.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.selectTool::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-selectTool.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.handTool::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-handTool.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.scrollVertical::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-scrollVertical.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.scrollHorizontal::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-scrollHorizontal.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.scrollWrapped::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-scrollWrapped.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.spreadNone::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-spreadNone.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.spreadOdd::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-spreadOdd.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.spreadEven::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-spreadEven.png"); }

.secondaryToolbarButton.documentProperties::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-documentProperties.png"); }

.verticalToolbarSeparator { display: block; padding: 8px 0px; margin: 8px 4px; width: 1px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 0px 0px 0px 1px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .verticalToolbarSeparator { margin-left: 2px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .verticalToolbarSeparator { margin-right: 2px; }

.horizontalToolbarSeparator { display: block; margin: 0px 0px 4px; height: 1px; width: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 0px 0px 0px 1px; }

.toolbarField { padding: 3px 6px; margin: 4px 0px; border-radius: 2px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.09); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px; color: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; outline-style: none; transition-property: background-color, border-color, box-shadow; transition-duration: 150ms; transition-timing-function: ease; }

.toolbarField[type="checkbox"] { display: inline-block; margin: 8px 0px; }

.toolbarField.pageNumber { min-width: 16px; text-align: right; width: 40px; }

.toolbarField.pageNumber.visiblePageIsLoading { background-image: url("images/loading-small.png"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 1px center; }

.toolbarField.pageNumber::-webkit-inner-spin-button, .toolbarField.pageNumber::-webkit-outer-spin-button { appearance: none; margin: 0px; }

.toolbarField:hover { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.11); border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.43) rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45); }

.toolbarField:focus { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15); border-color: rgba(77, 184, 255, 0.8) rgba(77, 184, 255, 0.85) rgba(77, 184, 255, 0.9); }

.toolbarLabel { min-width: 16px; padding: 3px 6px 3px 2px; margin: 4px 2px 4px 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 2px; color: rgb(217, 217, 217); font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; text-align: left; user-select: none; cursor: default; }

#thumbnailView { position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 60px); top: 0px; bottom: 0px; padding: 10px 30px 0px; overflow: auto; }

.thumbnail { margin: 0px 10px 5px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .thumbnail { float: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] .thumbnail { float: right; }

#thumbnailView > a:last-of-type > .thumbnail { margin-bottom: 10px; }

#thumbnailView > a:last-of-type > .thumbnail:not([data-loaded]) { margin-bottom: 9px; }

.thumbnail:not([data-loaded]) { border: 1px dashed rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); margin: -1px 9px 4px; }

.thumbnailImage { border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 0px 0px 1px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 2px 8px; opacity: 0.8; z-index: 99; background-color: white; background-clip: content-box; }

.thumbnailSelectionRing { border-radius: 2px; padding: 7px; }

a:focus > .thumbnail > .thumbnailSelectionRing > .thumbnailImage, .thumbnail:hover > .thumbnailSelectionRing > .thumbnailImage { opacity: 0.9; }

a:focus > .thumbnail > .thumbnailSelectionRing, .thumbnail:hover > .thumbnailSelectionRing { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); }

.thumbnail.selected > .thumbnailSelectionRing > .thumbnailImage { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 0px 0px 1px; opacity: 1; }

.thumbnail.selected > .thumbnailSelectionRing { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

#outlineView, #attachmentsView { position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 8px); top: 0px; bottom: 0px; overflow: auto; user-select: none; }

#outlineView { padding: 4px 4px 0px; }

#attachmentsView { padding: 3px 4px 0px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .outlineWithDeepNesting > .outlineItem, html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItem > .outlineItems { margin-left: 20px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .outlineWithDeepNesting > .outlineItem, html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItem > .outlineItems { margin-right: 20px; }

.outlineItem > a, .attachmentsItem > button { text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; min-width: calc(100% - 4px); height: auto; margin-bottom: 1px; border-radius: 2px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; user-select: none; white-space: normal; }

.attachmentsItem > button { border: 0px; background: none; cursor: pointer; width: 100%; }

html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItem > a { padding: 2px 0px 5px 4px; }

html[dir="ltr"] .attachmentsItem > button { padding: 2px 0px 3px 7px; text-align: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItem > a { padding: 2px 4px 5px 0px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .attachmentsItem > button { padding: 2px 7px 3px 0px; text-align: right; }

.outlineItemToggler { position: relative; height: 0px; width: 0px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }

.outlineItemToggler::before { content: url("images/treeitem-expanded.png"); display: inline-block; position: absolute; }

html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItemToggler.outlineItemsHidden::before { content: url("images/treeitem-collapsed.png"); }

html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItemToggler.outlineItemsHidden::before { content: url("images/treeitem-collapsed-rtl.png"); }

.outlineItemToggler.outlineItemsHidden ~ .outlineItems { display: none; }

html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItemToggler { float: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItemToggler { float: right; }

html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItemToggler::before { right: 4px; }

html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItemToggler::before { left: 4px; }

.outlineItemToggler:hover, .outlineItemToggler:hover + a, .outlineItemToggler:hover ~ .outlineItems, .outlineItem > a:hover, .attachmentsItem > button:hover { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px; border-radius: 2px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); }

.outlineItem.selected { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08); background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)); background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0px 1px 0px inset, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 0px 0px 1px inset, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 1px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

.noResults { font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); font-style: italic; cursor: default; }

::selection { background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.3); }

#errorWrapper { background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 85, 85); color: white; left: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; z-index: 1000; padding: 3px; font-size: 0.8em; }

.loadingInProgress #errorWrapper { top: 37px; }

#errorMessageLeft { float: left; }

#errorMessageRight { float: right; }

#errorMoreInfo { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: black; padding: 3px; margin: 3px; width: 98%; }

.overlayButton { width: auto; padding: 2px 6px 3px; margin: 3px 4px 2px !important; }

#overlayContainer { display: table; position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); z-index: 40000; }

#overlayContainer > * { overflow: auto; }

#overlayContainer > .container { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }

#overlayContainer > .container > .dialog { display: inline-block; padding: 15px; border-spacing: 4px; color: rgb(217, 217, 217); font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; background-color: rgb(71, 71, 71); background-image: url("images/texture.png"), linear-gradient(rgba(82, 82, 82, 0.99), rgba(69, 69, 69, 0.95)); border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px; }

.dialog > .row { display: table-row; }

.dialog > .row > * { display: table-cell; }

.dialog .toolbarField { margin: 5px 0px; }

.dialog .separator { display: block; margin: 4px 0px; height: 1px; width: 100%; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 0px 0px 0px 1px; }

.dialog .buttonRow { text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; }

.dialog :link { color: white; }

#passwordOverlay > .dialog { text-align: center; }

#passwordOverlay .toolbarField { width: 200px; }

#documentPropertiesOverlay > .dialog { text-align: left; }

#documentPropertiesOverlay .row > * { min-width: 100px; }

html[dir="ltr"] #documentPropertiesOverlay .row > * { text-align: left; }

html[dir="rtl"] #documentPropertiesOverlay .row > * { text-align: right; }

#documentPropertiesOverlay .row > span { width: 125px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }

#documentPropertiesOverlay .row > p { max-width: 225px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }

#documentPropertiesOverlay .buttonRow { margin-top: 10px; }

.clearBoth { clear: both; }

.fileInput { background: white; color: black; margin-top: 5px; visibility: hidden; position: fixed; right: 0px; top: 0px; }

#PDFBug { background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll white; border: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); position: fixed; top: 32px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; font-size: 10px; padding: 0px; width: 300px; }

#PDFBug .controls { background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); padding: 3px; }

#PDFBug .panels { inset: 27px 0px 0px; overflow: auto; position: absolute; }

#PDFBug button.active { font-weight: bold; }

.debuggerShowText { background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll yellow; color: blue; }

.debuggerHideText:hover { background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll yellow; }

#PDFBug .stats { font-family: courier; font-size: 10px; white-space: pre; }

#PDFBug .stats .title { font-weight: bold; }

#PDFBug table { font-size: 10px; }

#viewer.textLayer-visible .textLayer { opacity: 1; }

#viewer.textLayer-visible .canvasWrapper { background-color: rgb(128, 255, 128); }

#viewer.textLayer-visible .canvasWrapper canvas { mix-blend-mode: screen; }

#viewer.textLayer-visible .textLayer > div { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.1); color: black; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box; }

#viewer.textLayer-hover .textLayer > div:hover { background-color: white; color: black; }

#viewer.textLayer-shadow .textLayer > div { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); color: black; }

.grab-to-pan-grab { cursor: grab !important; }

.grab-to-pan-grab :not(input):not(textarea):not(button):not(select):not(:link) { cursor: inherit !important; }

.grab-to-pan-grab:active, .grab-to-pan-grabbing { position: fixed; background: transparent; display: block; inset: 0px; overflow: hidden; z-index: 50000; cursor: grabbing !important; }

@page { margin: 0px; }

#printContainer { display: none; }

@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), screen and (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
  .toolbarButton::before { transform: scale(0.5); top: -5px; }
  .secondaryToolbarButton::before { transform: scale(0.5); top: -4px; }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton::before, html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton::before { left: -1px; }
  html[dir="ltr"] .secondaryToolbarButton::before { left: -2px; }
  html[dir="rtl"] .secondaryToolbarButton::before { left: 186px; }
  .toolbarField.pageNumber.visiblePageIsLoading, #findInput[data-status="pending"] { background-image: url("images/loading-small@2x.png"); background-size: 16px 17px; }
  .dropdownToolbarButton { background: url("images/toolbarButton-menuArrows@2x.png") 0% 0% / 7px 16px no-repeat; }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton#sidebarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-sidebarToggle@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton#sidebarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-sidebarToggle-rtl@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton#secondaryToolbarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-secondaryToolbarToggle@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton#secondaryToolbarToggle::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-secondaryToolbarToggle-rtl@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.findPrevious::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-previous@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.findPrevious::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-previous-rtl@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.findNext::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-next@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.findNext::before { content: url("images/findbarButton-next-rtl@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.pageUp::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageUp@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.pageUp::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageUp-rtl@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .toolbarButton.pageDown::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageDown@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .toolbarButton.pageDown::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-pageDown-rtl@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.zoomIn::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-zoomIn@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.zoomOut::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-zoomOut@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.presentationMode::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.presentationMode::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-presentationMode@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.print::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.print::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-print@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.openFile::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.openFile::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-openFile@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.download::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.download::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-download@2x.png"); }
  .toolbarButton.bookmark::before, .secondaryToolbarButton.bookmark::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-bookmark@2x.png"); }
  #viewThumbnail.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewThumbnail@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] #viewOutline.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewOutline@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] #viewOutline.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewOutline-rtl@2x.png"); }
  #viewAttachments.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-viewAttachments@2x.png"); }
  #viewFind.toolbarButton::before { content: url("images/toolbarButton-search@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.firstPage::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-firstPage@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.lastPage::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-lastPage@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.rotateCcw::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-rotateCcw@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.rotateCw::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-rotateCw@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.selectTool::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-selectTool@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.handTool::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-handTool@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.scrollVertical::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-scrollVertical@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.scrollHorizontal::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-scrollHorizontal@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.scrollWrapped::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-scrollWrapped@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.spreadNone::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-spreadNone@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.spreadOdd::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-spreadOdd@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.spreadEven::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-spreadEven@2x.png"); }
  .secondaryToolbarButton.documentProperties::before { content: url("images/secondaryToolbarButton-documentProperties@2x.png"); }
  .outlineItemToggler::before { transform: scale(0.5); top: -1px; content: url("images/treeitem-expanded@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItemToggler.outlineItemsHidden::before { content: url("images/treeitem-collapsed@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItemToggler.outlineItemsHidden::before { content: url("images/treeitem-collapsed-rtl@2x.png"); }
  html[dir="ltr"] .outlineItemToggler::before { right: 0px; }
  html[dir="rtl"] .outlineItemToggler::before { left: 0px; }
}

@media print {
  body { background: none transparent; }
  #sidebarContainer, #secondaryToolbar, .toolbar, #loadingBox, #errorWrapper, .textLayer { display: none; }
  #viewerContainer { overflow: visible; }
  #mainContainer, #viewerContainer, .page, .page canvas { position: static; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
  .page { float: left; display: none; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; box-shadow: none; background-clip: content-box; background-color: white; }
  .page[data-loaded] { display: block; }
  .fileInput { display: none; }
  body[data-pdfjsprinting] #outerContainer { display: none; }
  body[data-pdfjsprinting] #printContainer { display: block; }
  #printContainer { height: 100%; }
  #printContainer > div { position: relative; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: visible; break-after: page; break-inside: avoid; }
  #printContainer canvas, #printContainer img { display: block; }
}

.visibleLargeView, .visibleMediumView, .visibleSmallView { display: none; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  #toolbarViewerMiddle { display: table; margin: auto; left: auto; position: inherit; transform: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 840px) {
  #sidebarContent { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); }
  html[dir="ltr"] #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #viewerContainer { left: 0px !important; }
  html[dir="rtl"] #outerContainer.sidebarOpen #viewerContainer { right: 0px !important; }
  #outerContainer .hiddenLargeView, #outerContainer .hiddenMediumView { display: inherit; }
  #outerContainer .visibleLargeView, #outerContainer .visibleMediumView { display: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 770px) {
  #outerContainer .hiddenLargeView { display: none; }
  #outerContainer .visibleLargeView { display: inherit; }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  #outerContainer .hiddenMediumView { display: none; }
  #outerContainer .visibleMediumView { display: inherit; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .hiddenSmallView, .hiddenSmallView * { display: none; }
  .visibleSmallView { display: inherit; }
  .toolbarButtonSpacer { width: 0px; }
  html[dir="ltr"] .findbar { left: 38px; }
  html[dir="rtl"] .findbar { right: 38px; }
}

@media (max-width: 535px) {
  #scaleSelectContainer { display: none; }
}
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